Increment and Decrement Operators in JAVA

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Increment Operators : 

An increment or decrement operator provides a more convenient and compact way to increase or decrease the value of a variable by one.
For example, the statement x=x+1; can be simplified to ++x;

Example:
int test = 5;
++test; // test is now 6

Decrement Operators : 
The decrement operator (--) is used to decrease the value of a variable by one.

Example :
 int test = 5;
--test; // test is now 4


Prefix & Postfix :

Two forms, prefix and postfix, may be used with both the increment and decrement operators.
With prefix form, the operator appears before the operand, while in postfix form, the operator appears after the operand. Below is an explanation of how the two forms work:

Prefix : Increments the variable's value and uses the new value in the expression.
Example of increment operator :
int x = 34;
int y = ++x; // y is 35

The value of x is first incremented to 35, and is then assigned to y, so the values of both x and y are now 35.

Example of decrement operator :
int x = 35;

int y = --x; // y is 34

The value of x is first decremented to 34, and is then assigned to y, so the values of both x and y are now 34.

Postfix : The variable's value is first used in the expression and is then increased.

Example of increment operator :
int x = 34;
int y = x++; // y is 34
x is first assigned to y, and is then incremented by one. Therefore, x becomes 35, while y is assigned the value of 34.

Example of decrement operator :
int x = 34;
int y = x--; // y is 34
x is first assigned to y, and is then decremented by one. Therefore, x becomes 33, while y is assigned the value of 34.

Assignment Operators :
You are already familiar with the assignment operator (=), which assigns a value to a variable.
int value = 5;

This assigned the value 5 to a variable called value of type int.

Java provides a number of assignment operators to make it easier to write code.

Addition and assignment (+=) :

int num1 = 4;
int num2 = 8;
num2 += num1; // num2 = num2 + num1;
// num2 is 12 and num1 is 4

Subtraction and assignment (-=) : 

 int num1 = 4;
int num2 = 8;
num2 -= num1; // num2 = num2 - num1;
// num2 is 4 and num1 is 4


Multiplication and assignment (*=) : 

 int num1 = 4;
int num2 = 8;
num2 *= num1; // num2 = num2 * num1;
// num2 is 32 and num1 is 4


Division and assignment (/=) : 

 int num1 = 4;
int num2 = 8;
num2 /= num1; // num2 = num2 / num1;
// num2 is 2 and num1 is 4

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